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KMID : 0613820150250121458
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Journal of Life Science
2015 Volume.25 No. 12 p.1458 ~ p.1469
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Solvent Tolerant Bacteria and Their Potential Use
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Joo Woo-Hong
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Abstract
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Many organic solvent-tolerant bacteria have been isolated from all environments such as soil, wastewater, even deep sea after first isolation report of organic solvent-tolerant bacterium. Most organic solvent-tolerant isolates have been determined to be Gram-negative bacteria, because Gram-negative bacteria have inherent tolerance property toward hostile organic solvents more than Gram-positive bacteria. The mechanisms of organic solvent tolerance have been elucidated extensively using mainly organic solvent-tolerant Gram-negative bacteria. The solvent-tolerance mechanisms in Gram-positive bacteria can be found in comparatively recent research. Organic solvents exhibited different toxicity depending on the solvent, and the tolerance levels of organic solvent-tolerant bacteria toward organic solvents were also highly changeable among species and strains. Therefore, organic solvent-tolerant bacteria could coped with solvent toxicity and adapted to solvent stress through the multifactorial and multigenic adaptative strategies. They could be survived even in the hyper concentrations of organic solvents by mechanisms which include: changes in cell morphology and cell behaviour, cell surface modifications, cell membrane adaptations, solvent excretion pumps, chaperones and anti-oxidative response. The aim of this work is to review the representative solvent tolerant bacteria and the adaptative and tolerance strategies toward organic solvents in organic solvent-tolerant bacteria, and their potential industrial and environmental impact.
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KEYWORD
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Biocatalysis, biodegradation, solvent-tolerance, solvent-tolerant bacteria
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